大剂量阿托伐他汀钙对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能的保护作用Observation of the protective effect of high-dose atorvastatin calcium on neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
刘玲
摘要(Abstract):
目的分析大剂量阿托伐他汀钙对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能的保护作用。方法将洛阳市第一人民医院90例急性缺血性脑卒中患者以随机数表法分为大剂量组和常规组各45例,均给予阿托伐他汀钙治疗,大剂量组初始剂量40 mg/d,常规组为10 mg/d,连续治疗24周。评估2组治疗前后神经功能、生活能力,比较2组治疗前后血脂、炎症因子水平及斑块面积变化,并评估2组用药安全性。结果 2组治疗前NIHSS评分、Barthel指数评分、血脂、炎症因子水平及斑块面积比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗2周、24周大剂量组NIHSS评分均显著低于常规组(P<0.05),Barthel指数评分显著高于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后大剂量组TC、TG、CRP水平均明显低于常规组(P<0.05),斑块面积明显小于常规组(P<0.05);2组不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大剂量阿托伐他汀钙对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能保护作用更显著,其作用机制可能与调节血脂、炎症因子水平及缩小斑块面积有关,对改善患者日常活动能力有重要意义。
关键词(KeyWords): 急性缺血性脑卒中;大剂量;阿托伐他汀钙;神经功能
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 刘玲
参考文献(References):
- [1] WAHLGREN N,MOREIRA T,MICHEL P,et al.Mechanicalthrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke:Consensus statement by ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update 2014/2015,supported by ESO,ESMINT,ESNR and EAN[J].Int J Stroke,2016,11(1):134-147.
- [2] DEMAERSCHALK B M,KLEINDORFER D O,ADEOYE O M,et al.Scientific Rationale for the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for IntravenousAlteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke:A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.[J].Stroke,2016,47(2):581-641.
- [3] FRANSEN P S,BERKHEMER O A,LINGSMA H F,et al.Time to Reperfusion and Treatment Effect for Acute Ischemic Stroke:A Randomized Clinical Trial[J].Jama Neurol,2016,73(2):190-196.
- [4] WANG Q M,WEI Y,ZHENG Y,et al.Efficacy of combinedatorvastatin and sildenafil in promoting recovery after ischemic stroke in mice [J].Am J Phys Med Rehabil,2013,92(2):143-150.
- [5] 梅炳银.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者血清炎性因子血脂水平及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2016,19(11):56-57.
- [6] WATERS DD,SCHWARTZ G G,OLSSON A G,et al.MIRACL Study Investigators.Effects of atorvastatin on stroke in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction:a Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) substudy[J].Circulation,2002,106(13):1 690-1 695.
- [7] SCHWARTZ GG,OLIVER M F,EZEKOWITZ M D,et al.Rationale and design of the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) study that evaluates atorvastatin in unstable angina pectoris and in non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction[J].Am J Cardiol,1998,81(5):578-581.
- [8] MARCHIONE P,VENTO C,MORREALE M,et al.Atorvastatin Treatment and Carotid Plaque Morphology in First-ever Atherosclerotic Transient Ischemic Attack/Stroke:A Case-Control Study[J].J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis,2015,24(1):138-143.
- [9] 中华医学会神经病学分会.中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南2014[J].中华神经科杂志,2015,48(4):246-257.
- [10] 陈海恋,何超明,庞明武,等.老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后不良的影响因素[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志,2017,19(1):42-46.
- [11] 王海燕,刘秋鸣,徐冬霞,等.Barthel指数量表在护理分级实践中的应用[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2017,23(3):30-32.
- [12] TSUKASA S,KEISUKE H,HAJIME N,et al.Clinical Characteristics and Lesions Responsible for Swallowing Hesitation After Acute Cerebral Infarction[J].DYSPHAGIA,2016,31(4):567-573.
- [13] LAUDA F,NEUGEBAUER H,REIBER L,et al.Acute Silent Brain Infarction in Monocular Visual Loss of Ischemic Origin[J].CEREBROVASC DIS,2015,40(3):151-155.
- [14] LIU X S,ZHANG Z G,ZHANG L,et al.Atorvastatin downregulates tissue plasminogen activator-aggravated genes mediating coagulation and vascular permeability in single cerebral endothelial cells captured by laser microdissection[J].J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,2006,26(6):787-796.
- [15] GóMEZ-GERIQUE J A,CASCIANO R,STERN L,et al.Apharmacoeconomic evaluation of the effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes in Spain[J].Eur J Health Econ,2004,5(3):278-284.
- [16] GRESSER U,GATHOF B S.Atorvastatin:gold standard for prophylaxis of myocardial ischemia and stroke-comparison of the clinical benefit ofstatins on the basis of randomized controlled endpoint studies[J].Eur J Med Res,2004,9(1):1-17.
- [17] TSIVGOULIS G,ZAND R,KATSANOS A H,et al.Risk of SymptomaticIntracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and High Cerebral Microbleed Burden:A Meta-analysis[J].Jama Neurol,2016,73(6):675-383.
- [18] SAKURAI K,ISAHAYA K,TAKAISHI S,et al.Effects of early statin treatment on inflammatory biomarkers and clinical deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke[J].Rinsho Shinkeigaku,2011,51(1):6-13.
- [19] LAMPL Y,LORBERBOYM M,GILAD R,et al.Early outcome of acute ischemic stroke inhyperlipidemic patients under atorvastatin versus simvastatin[J].Clin Neuropharmacol,2010,3(3):129-134.
- [20] CUI L,ZHANG X,YANG R,et al.Neuroprotection of early and short-time applying atorvastatin in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia:down-regulated 12/15-LOX,p38MAPK and cPLA2 expression,ameliorated BBB permeability[J].Brain Res,2010,1325:164-173.
- [21] WANG L,ZHANG X,LIU L,et al.Atorvastatin protects rat brains against permanent focal ischemia and downregulates HMGB1,HMGB1 receptors (RAGE and TLR4),NF-kappaB expression[J].Neurosci Lett,2010,471(3):152-156.
- [22] 徐庆兵,房晓莉,童海涛.阿托伐他汀治疗急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期神经功能恶化和短期转归的最佳剂量研究[J].实用临床医药杂志,2017,21(15):10-13.
- [23] 邵卫东.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的治疗效果[J].临床医学研究与实践,2017,2(1):27-28.
- [24] 赵航.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者神经功能改善及复发的作用探讨[J].中国医药指南,2017,15(6):47.
- [25] 董育卿.早期大剂量阿托伐他汀降低脑梗死患者急性期免疫炎性标志物激活[J].医学理论与实践,2017,30(19):2 850-2 852.
- [26] 李高尚.不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死临床探讨[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2014,17(1):91-92.
- [27] 慕鹏莺,牛向宏.阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林对急性脑梗死患者脑血流及颈动脉粥样斑块的影响[J].安徽医学,2016,37(9):1 124-1 127.
- [28] YANG J,PAN Y,LI X,et al.Atorvastatin attenuates cognitive deficits through Akt1/Caspase-3 signaling pathway in ischemic stroke.[J].Brain Res,2015,1 629:231-239.
- [29] 龚厚文,许锋成,余朝萍,等.大剂量阿托伐他汀在冠状动脉临界病变患者中的应用效果观察[J].山东医药,2017,57(42):62-64.
- [30] DALUGAMA C,GAWARAMMANA I B.Ischemic stroke following a wasp sting-a rare complication:a case report[J].J Med Case Rep,2018,12(1):294.
- [31] CHENG Z J,DAI T M,SHEN Y Y,et al.Atorvastatin Pretreatment Attenuates Ischemic Brain Edema by Suppressing Aquaporin 4[J].J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis,2018,27(11):3 247-3 255.
- [32] YU Y,ZHU C,LIU C,et al.Effect of Prior Atorvastatin Treatment on the Frequency of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia and Evolution of Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke:A Multicenter Prospective Study[J].Biomed ResInt,2017:5 642 704.
- [33] TUTTOLOMONDO A,DI RAIMONDO D,PECORARO R,et al.Early High-dosageAtorvastatin Treatment Improved Serum Immune-inflammatory Markers and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Strokes Classified as Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke:A Randomized Trial[J].Medicine (Baltimore),2016,95(13):e3186.
- [34] 刘志,李静,高敬,等.老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布对比双倍剂量阿托伐他汀疗效研究[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志,2017,19(1):5-8.
- [35] 张西亭,杨琳琳,王祥森.大剂量阿司匹林联合阿托伐他汀钙对急性脑梗死患者临床疗效观察及对血栓弹力图和C反应蛋白的影响[J].中国卒中杂志,2017,12(10):916-920.
- [36] GENG J,SONG Y,MU Z,et al.Early Use of Statin in Patients Treated with Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke[J].Acta Neurochir Suppl,2016,121:269-275.
- [37] TZIOMALOS K,GIAMPATZIS V,BOUZIANA S D,et al.Comparative effects of more versus less aggressive treatment with statins on the long-term outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke[J].Atherosclerosis,2015,243(1):65-70.
- [38] SCHWARTZ G G,ABT M,BAO W,et al.Fasting triglycerides predict recurrent ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with statins[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2015,65(21):2 267-2 675.
- [39] MIN L,SHAO S,WU X,et al.Anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic effects of atorvastatin in acute ischemic stroke[J].Neural Regen Res,2013,8(23):2 144-2 154.
- [40] SHAFAROODI H,MOEZI L,FAKHRZAD A,et al.The involvement of nitric oxide in the anti-seizure effect of acute atorvastatin treatment in mice[J].Neurol Res,2012,34(9):847-853.
- [41] AMIRI-NIKPOUR M R,FARID V G,AHMADI-SALMASI B.Effect ofatorvastatin on cerebral vasomotor reactivity in patients with ischemic stroke[J].J Glob Pharm Technol,2017,8(12):246-255.
- [42] 王雪.大剂量阿托伐他汀对老年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄患者预后的影响[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2016,19(19):25-26.
- [43] DELGADO G,NAVES M.Compliance andechographic carotid plaque evolution in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with atorvastatin according to usual care[J].Vascular,2014,22(3):218-20.
- [44] BEER C,BLACKER D,BYNEVELT M,et al.A randomized placebo controlled trial of early treatment of acute ischemic stroke withatorvastatin and irbesartan[J].Int J Stroke,2012,7(2):104-111.
- [45] GUAN W,KOZAK A,FAGAN S C.Drug repurposing for vascular protectionafteracute ischemic stroke[J].Acta Neurochir Suppl,2011,111:295-298.
- [46] MUSCARI A,PUDDU G M,SANTORO N,et al.The atorvastatin during ischemic stroke study:a pilot randomized controlled trial[J].Clin Neuropharmacol,2011,34(4):141-147.
- [47] 刘绪龙.阿托伐他汀强化调脂对缺血性脑卒中患者的影响[J].神经损伤与功能重建,2016,11(3):248-250.
- [48] 陈名涛.观察大剂量阿托伐他汀强化治疗急性缺血性脑卒中临床疗效[J].临床医药文献电子杂志,2018,5(19):22-23;25.
- [49] 吕斌.急性缺血性脑卒中应用阿托伐他汀治疗的临床疗效探究[J].中国医药指南,2018,16(35):112.
- [50] 宋新焕.缺血性脑卒中联用阿托伐他汀和阿司匹林治疗的疗效研究[J].中国处方药,2018,16(2):72-73.
- [51] BEER C,BLACKER D,BYNEVELT M,et al.A randomized placebo controlled trial of early treatment of acute ischemic stroke withatorvastatin and irbesartan[J].Int J Stroke,2012,7(2):104-111.
- [52] TUTTOLOMONDO A,DI RAIMONDO D,PECORARO R,et al.Early High-dosageAtorvastatin Treatment Improved Serum Immune-inflammatory Markers and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Strokes Classified as Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke:A Randomized Trial[J].Medicine,2016,95(13):e3186.
- [53] 徐娟,吕尤,刘腾飞,等.大剂量阿托伐他汀序贯治疗抑制急性脑梗死溶栓后脑组织损伤的临床研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2016,24(4):274-275.
- [54] 杨保华,叶晓林.不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林对急性脑梗死患者脑血流指标以及颈动脉粥样斑块的影响[J].医学综述,2016,22(6):1 201-1 204.
- [55] BILLINGS F T 4th,HENDRICKS P A,SCHILDCROUT J S,et al.Schildcrout,et al.High-dose perioperative atorvastatin and acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery:a randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA,2016,315(9):877-888.doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0548.
- [56] 黄宁涛.普罗布考联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗急性缺血性脑卒中临床疗效观察[J].淮海医药,2018,36(2):144-146.
- [57] 常遵辉.阿托伐他汀强化治疗对急性缺血性脑卒中合并糖尿病的影响[J].医药前沿,2015,5(33):169-170.
- [58] 陈肖,胡吉征.阿托伐他汀对老年缺血性脑卒中患者血脂水平的影响[J].深圳中西医结合杂志,2018,28(18):155-156.
- [59] 宋智.阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林和氯吡格雷治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效[J].临床合理用药杂志,2018,11(21):34-35.
- [60] 王琳.阿托伐他汀钙对缺血性脑卒中患者血脂调控及颈动脉粥样硬化的改善效果[J].世界临床医学,2017,11(22):94-95.
- [61] 刘冀荣.阿托伐他汀钙对缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响[J].心脑血管病防治,2014,14(5):394-395.
- [62] 陈小芳,刘海燕.阿托伐他汀对急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清S100 B蛋白的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2014,(19):5 591-5 592.
- [63] 李敏,袁鸣凤,卢展宏,等.阿托伐他汀钙用于临床急性缺血性脑卒中的防治探讨[J].继续医学教育,2014,(10):48-50.
- [64] 韦朝霞,祁风,刘祖佑,等.大剂量阿托伐他汀强化治疗急性缺血性脑卒中临床观察[J].广东医学,2013,34(16):2 569-2 571.
- [65] 陈红斌.阿托伐他汀钙在老年缺血性脑卒中二级预防的效果分析[J].临床合理用药杂志,2013,6(35):41-41.
- [66] 刘绪龙.阿托伐他汀强化调脂对缺血性脑卒中患者的影响[J].神经损伤与功能重建,2016,11(3):248-250.
- [67] 麦宜准,周祥富,梁健,等.阿托伐他汀钙对急性脑梗死患者的治疗效果及预防作用[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2015,18(21):74-75.
- [68] 张大为.大剂量阿托伐他汀预防缺血性脑卒中后抑郁的初步研究[J].航空航天医学杂志,2016,27(5):575-576;580.